Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change in Water Sector: Engaging Local Knowledge and Practices in Achin District, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.

Climate change involves persistent changes in global temperatures and weather patterns, predominantly attributed to human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This study specifically focused on community-based adaptation in the water sector, exploring local knowledge and practices within Achin district. Through this investigation, we gathered detailed insights into the effects of climate change within Achin district and assessed the knowledge and local practices adopted by its residents. Primary water sources in the area, such as protected wells, springs, and boreholes, are highly relied upon by residents who generally express satisfaction with their reliability and quality. However, there is a prevalent lack of awareness regarding Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) among most residents. Climate change effects within Achin district include drought, groundwater depletion, surface water decreasing for irrigation, and shifting precipitation patterns. Despite these challenges, the residents lack knowledge about community-based adaptation. Local strategies employed within the district encompass dams, plantation initiatives, mobilization efforts, awareness campaigns on water usage, underground water recharge, and irrigation projects. Additionally, improved irrigation practices and effective conservation methods are identified as vital adaptation strategies. This study thoroughly assesses the impact of climate change on the water sector in Achin district, emphasizing local adaptation strategies. Through field visits, interviews with the residents of Achin, and the implementation of a Google Form survey from environmental and WASH specialists, we meticulously cataloged the effects of climate change and illuminated the indigenous responses adopted by the district's residents.