Ahmad Jawad Niazi

The Impacts of Variation in Temperature and Precipitation on Surface Water: A Case Study of Nangarhar, Afghanistan.

Abstract — The water levels of surface water in Nangarhar are a direct and major reflection of the changes in precipitation and temperature. However, the changes in temperatures also influence evapotranspiration rates, which in turn affect water availability. This work is essentially a detailed study of the effects of the changes in temperature and precipitation on surface water at the three sites of Nangarhar (Behsood Bridge, Kama Bridge, and Sultanpor) during the 2009-2020 period. The temperature and precipitation changes at all three sites have led to changes in surface water levels, as evidenced by the data. In particular, the temperature at Behsood Bridge increased by 0.84°C between 2009 and 2020, while at Kama Bridge, it decreased by 0.96°C. From 2010 to 2020, the temperature in Sultanpor also went up by 1.08°C. Besides that, the research showed that there was a yearly increase in precipitation at the locations with the yearly increases being 7.00mm at Behsood Bridge, 16.79mm at Kama Bridge, and 17.27mm at Sultanpor respectively. One of the effects of increase in precipitation and temperatures may be the direct and indirect impacts on the surface water levels. The surface water gets replenished with increased precipitation but is depleted when there is increased heat. During the period under study, the volume of water in the rivers increased by 6,765.78m3/sec at Behsood Bridge, 6,794.84m3/sec at Kama Bridge, and 141.82m3/sec at Sultanpor. This paper is a commitment to the analysis of the changes in precipitation, temperatures, and surface water quantity in Nangarhar, Afghanistan and aims to provide substantial benefits for local water resource management and sustainability.

MMHUWafiullah Shirzad, Mohammad Mukhlis Behsoodi +2