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The Impacts of Variation in Temperature and Precipitation on Surface Water: A Case Study of Nangarhar, Afghanistan.

Kabul Polytechnic University4 Authors
Research cover image for a study on temperature and precipitation impacts on surface water in Nangarhar, Afghanistan

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Wafiullah Shirzad researcher portrait
Wafiullah Shirzad *

Civil Engineering Researcher • Spinghar Institute of Higher Education

Wafiullah Shirzad is a civil engineer and researcher specializing in Building Information Modeling (BIM), Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA), sustainable construction, and digital and data-driven approaches to building performance. He holds an M.Sc. in Civil Engineering (Buildings of Energy-Efficient Life Cycle) from Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU), Russia, and a B.Sc. in Civil Engineering from Alfalah University, Afghanistan, where he graduated first in his class and received the Gold Medal. His research spans BIM–LCA integration, building life-cycle energy and carbon assessment, machine learning and digital tools for sustainable construction, climate-responsive and energy-efficient design, sustainable construction materials, climate change adaptation, water resources, and environmental engineering. His research portfolio includes peer-reviewed publications and conference studies addressing urban noise pollution, waste-glass applications in concrete, sustainable waste management, climate-responsive urban design, groundwater depletion, surface-water variability, and community-based climate adaptation in Afghanistan. His master's research focused on digital and data-driven approaches to building Life Cycle Energy Assessment, applying a PRISMA-compliant systematic review methodology to examine technologies and methods including BIM, machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), and digital twins. Combining academic research with practical experience in site engineering and surveying, his work focuses on advancing evidence-based, digitally enabled, and context-sensitive approaches to sustainable and energy-efficient built environments, particularly in developing and data-scarce regions.

ORCID 0009-0000-191-0147

Publication Overview

Abstract

Abstract — The water levels of surface water in Nangarhar are a direct and major reflection of the changes in precipitation and temperature. However, the changes in temperatures also influence evapotranspiration rates, which in turn affect water availability. This work is essentially a detailed study of the effects of the changes in temperature and precipitation on surface water at the three sites of Nangarhar (Behsood Bridge, Kama Bridge, and Sultanpor) during the 2009-2020 period. The temperature and precipitation changes at all three sites have led to changes in surface water levels, as evidenced by the data. In particular, the temperature at Behsood Bridge increased by 0.84°C between 2009 and 2020, while at Kama Bridge, it decreased by 0.96°C. From 2010 to 2020, the temperature in Sultanpor also went up by 1.08°C. Besides that, the research showed that there was a yearly increase in precipitation at the locations with the yearly increases being 7.00mm at Behsood Bridge, 16.79mm at Kama Bridge, and 17.27mm at Sultanpor respectively. One of the effects of increase in precipitation and temperatures may be the direct and indirect impacts on the surface water levels. The surface water gets replenished with increased precipitation but is depleted when there is increased heat. During the period under study, the volume of water in the rivers increased by 6,765.78m3/sec at Behsood Bridge, 6,794.84m3/sec at Kama Bridge, and 141.82m3/sec at Sultanpor. This paper is a commitment to the analysis of the changes in precipitation, temperatures, and surface water quantity in Nangarhar, Afghanistan and aims to provide substantial benefits for local water resource management and sustainability.

Research keywords

Climate ChangeImpactsPrecipitationSurface TemperatureVariationWater

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